The Sharps

The Sharps, a growing group of programming languages that build on top of the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), are referenced on this article by Mary Jo Foley.

A#, a port of the Ada programming language to the .NET platform, is distributed by the Department of Computer Science at the United States Air Force Academy under the GNU general public license. http://asharp.martincarlisle.com

Cocoa#, a wrapper for Cocoa that works within the Mono environment. http://www.cocoasharp.org

F#, a mixed functional and object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft Research. http://research.microsoft.com/fsharp/fsharp.aspx

Gtk#, a .NET wrapper for GTK+ and other GNOME libraries. http://www.mono-project.com/GtkSharp

J#, Microsoft's implementation of Java, which the company is in the process of phasing out. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/vjsharp/

Sing#, a Spec# extension and compiler for Microsoft Research's Singularity project. Singularity is an attempt to write a completely managed operating system from the ground up. http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1081

Spec#, an extension of C# from Microsoft that has its own compiler that's integrated into the Visual Studio platform. http://research.microsoft.com/specsharp

X# (also known as "Xen" and now officially dubbed "C Omega") is an extension to the C# language (specifically the asynchronous wide-area concurrency Polyphonic C# language). It also provides a data-type extension for XML. http://research.microsoft.com/Comega

Please note that these are the experimental languages - for instance IronPython and IronRuby were left out of this list.